How to convert local time string to UTC?

How do I convert a datetime string in local time to a string in UTC time?

I'm sure I've done this before, but can't find it and SO will hopefully help me (and others) do that in future.

Clarification: For example, if I have 2008-09-17 14:02:00 in my local timezone (+10), I'd like to generate a string with the equivalent UTC time: 2008-09-17 04:02:00.

Also, from http://lucumr.pocoo.org/2011/7/15/eppur-si-muove/, note that in general this isn't possible as with DST and other issues there is no unique conversion from local time to UTC time.

Asked by: Julian676 | Posted: 28-01-2022

Answer 1

First, parse the string into a naive datetime object. This is an instance of datetime.datetime with no attached timezone information. See its documentation.

Use the pytz module, which comes with a full list of time zones + UTC. Figure out what the local timezone is, construct a timezone object from it, and manipulate and attach it to the naive datetime.

Finally, use datetime.astimezone() method to convert the datetime to UTC.

Source code, using local timezone "America/Los_Angeles", for the string "2001-2-3 10:11:12":

from datetime import datetime   
import pytz

local = pytz.timezone("America/Los_Angeles")
naive = datetime.strptime("2001-2-3 10:11:12", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
local_dt = local.localize(naive, is_dst=None)
utc_dt = local_dt.astimezone(pytz.utc)

From there, you can use the strftime() method to format the UTC datetime as needed:

utc_dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

Answered by: Jared971 | Posted: 01-03-2022

Answer 2

NOTE -- As of 2020 you should not be using .utcnow() or .utcfromtimestamp(xxx). As you've presumably moved on to python3,you should be using timezone aware datetime objects.

>>> from datetime import timezone
>>> 
>>> # alternative to '.utcnow()'
>>> dt_now = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc)
>>>
>>> # alternative to '.utcfromtimestamp()'
>>> dt_ts = datetime.fromtimestamp(1571595618.0, tz=timezone.utc)

For details see: https://blog.ganssle.io/articles/2019/11/utcnow.html

original answer (from 2010):

The datetime module's utcnow() function can be used to obtain the current UTC time.

>>> import datetime
>>> utc_datetime = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
>>> utc_datetime.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
'2010-02-01 06:59:19'

As the link mentioned above by Tom: http://lucumr.pocoo.org/2011/7/15/eppur-si-muove/ says:

UTC is a timezone without daylight saving time and still a timezone without configuration changes in the past.

Always measure and store time in UTC.

If you need to record where the time was taken, store that separately. Do not store the local time + timezone information!

NOTE - If any of your data is in a region that uses DST, use pytz and take a look at John Millikin's answer.

If you want to obtain the UTC time from a given string and your lucky enough to be in a region in the world that either doesn't use DST, or you have data that is only offset from UTC without DST applied:

--> using local time as the basis for the offset value:

>>> # Obtain the UTC Offset for the current system:
>>> UTC_OFFSET_TIMEDELTA = datetime.datetime.utcnow() - datetime.datetime.now()
>>> local_datetime = datetime.datetime.strptime("2008-09-17 14:04:00", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
>>> result_utc_datetime = local_datetime + UTC_OFFSET_TIMEDELTA
>>> result_utc_datetime.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
'2008-09-17 04:04:00'

--> Or, from a known offset, using datetime.timedelta():

>>> UTC_OFFSET = 10
>>> result_utc_datetime = local_datetime - datetime.timedelta(hours=UTC_OFFSET)
>>> result_utc_datetime.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
'2008-09-17 04:04:00'

UPDATE:

Since python 3.2 datetime.timezone is available. You can generate a timezone aware datetime object with the command below:

import datetime

timezone_aware_dt = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc)

If your ready to take on timezone conversions go read this:

https://medium.com/@eleroy/10-things-you-need-to-know-about-date-and-time-in-python-with-datetime-pytz-dateutil-timedelta-309bfbafb3f7

Answered by: Michael313 | Posted: 01-03-2022

Answer 3

Thanks @rofly, the full conversion from string to string is as follows:

time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 
              time.gmtime(time.mktime(time.strptime("2008-09-17 14:04:00", 
                                                    "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))))

My summary of the time/calendar functions:

time.strptime
string --> tuple (no timezone applied, so matches string)

time.mktime
local time tuple --> seconds since epoch (always local time)

time.gmtime
seconds since epoch --> tuple in UTC

and

calendar.timegm
tuple in UTC --> seconds since epoch

time.localtime
seconds since epoch --> tuple in local timezone

Answered by: Rafael535 | Posted: 01-03-2022

Answer 4

Here's a summary of common Python time conversions.

Some methods drop fractions of seconds, and are marked with (s). An explicit formula such as ts = (d - epoch) / unit can be used instead (thanks jfs).

struct_time (UTC) → POSIX (s):
calendar.timegm(struct_time)
Naïve datetime (local) → POSIX (s):
calendar.timegm(stz.localize(dt, is_dst=None).utctimetuple())
(exception during DST transitions, see comment from jfs)
Naïve datetime (UTC) → POSIX (s):
calendar.timegm(dt.utctimetuple())
Aware datetime → POSIX (s):
calendar.timegm(dt.utctimetuple())
POSIX → struct_time (UTC, s):
time.gmtime(t)
(see comment from jfs)
Naïve datetime (local) → struct_time (UTC, s):
stz.localize(dt, is_dst=None).utctimetuple()
(exception during DST transitions, see comment from jfs)
Naïve datetime (UTC) → struct_time (UTC, s):
dt.utctimetuple()
Aware datetime → struct_time (UTC, s):
dt.utctimetuple()
POSIX → Naïve datetime (local):
datetime.fromtimestamp(t, None)
(may fail in certain conditions, see comment from jfs below)
struct_time (UTC) → Naïve datetime (local, s):
datetime.datetime(struct_time[:6], tzinfo=UTC).astimezone(tz).replace(tzinfo=None)
(can't represent leap seconds, see comment from jfs)
Naïve datetime (UTC) → Naïve datetime (local):
dt.replace(tzinfo=UTC).astimezone(tz).replace(tzinfo=None)
Aware datetime → Naïve datetime (local):
dt.astimezone(tz).replace(tzinfo=None)
POSIX → Naïve datetime (UTC):
datetime.utcfromtimestamp(t)
struct_time (UTC) → Naïve datetime (UTC, s):
datetime.datetime(*struct_time[:6])
(can't represent leap seconds, see comment from jfs)
Naïve datetime (local) → Naïve datetime (UTC):
stz.localize(dt, is_dst=None).astimezone(UTC).replace(tzinfo=None)
(exception during DST transitions, see comment from jfs)
Aware datetime → Naïve datetime (UTC):
dt.astimezone(UTC).replace(tzinfo=None)
POSIX → Aware datetime:
datetime.fromtimestamp(t, tz)
(may fail for non-pytz timezones)
struct_time (UTC) → Aware datetime (s):
datetime.datetime(struct_time[:6], tzinfo=UTC).astimezone(tz)
(can't represent leap seconds, see comment from jfs)
Naïve datetime (local) → Aware datetime:
stz.localize(dt, is_dst=None)
(exception during DST transitions, see comment from jfs)
Naïve datetime (UTC) → Aware datetime:
dt.replace(tzinfo=UTC)

Source: taaviburns.ca

Answered by: Sienna370 | Posted: 01-03-2022

Answer 5

I'm having good luck with dateutil (which is widely recommended on SO for other related questions):

from datetime import *
from dateutil import *
from dateutil.tz import *

# METHOD 1: Hardcode zones:
utc_zone = tz.gettz('UTC')
local_zone = tz.gettz('America/Chicago')
# METHOD 2: Auto-detect zones:
utc_zone = tz.tzutc()
local_zone = tz.tzlocal()

# Convert time string to datetime
local_time = datetime.strptime("2008-09-17 14:02:00", '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')

# Tell the datetime object that it's in local time zone since 
# datetime objects are 'naive' by default
local_time = local_time.replace(tzinfo=local_zone)
# Convert time to UTC
utc_time = local_time.astimezone(utc_zone)
# Generate UTC time string
utc_string = utc_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')

(Code was derived from this answer to Convert UTC datetime string to local datetime)

Answered by: Lyndon204 | Posted: 01-03-2022

Answer 6

def local_to_utc(t):
    secs = time.mktime(t)
    return time.gmtime(secs)

def utc_to_local(t):
    secs = calendar.timegm(t)
    return time.localtime(secs)

Source: http://feihonghsu.blogspot.com/2008/02/converting-from-local-time-to-utc.html

Example usage from bd808: If your source is a datetime.datetime object t, call as:

local_to_utc(t.timetuple())

Answered by: Kate486 | Posted: 01-03-2022

Answer 7

One more example with pytz, but includes localize(), which saved my day.

import pytz, datetime
utc = pytz.utc
fmt = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
amsterdam = pytz.timezone('Europe/Amsterdam')

dt = datetime.datetime.strptime("2012-04-06 10:00:00", fmt)
am_dt = amsterdam.localize(dt)
print am_dt.astimezone(utc).strftime(fmt)
'2012-04-06 08:00:00'

Answered by: Stella974 | Posted: 01-03-2022

Answer 8

An option available since Python 3.6: datetime.astimezone(tz=None) can be used to get an aware datetime object representing local time (docs). This can then easily be converted to UTC.

from datetime import datetime, timezone
s = "2008-09-17 14:02:00"

# to datetime object:
dt = datetime.fromisoformat(s) # Python 3.7

# I'm on time zone Europe/Berlin; CEST/UTC+2 during summer 2008
dt = dt.astimezone()
print(dt)
# 2008-09-17 14:02:00+02:00

# ...and to UTC:
dtutc = dt.astimezone(timezone.utc)
print(dtutc)
# 2008-09-17 12:02:00+00:00

Side-Note: While the described conversion to UTC works perfectly fine, .astimezone() sets tzinfo of the datetime object to a timedelta-derived timezone - so don't expect any "DST-awareness" from it.

Answered by: Roman731 | Posted: 01-03-2022

Answer 9

I've had the most success with python-dateutil:

from dateutil import tz

def datetime_to_utc(date):
    """Returns date in UTC w/o tzinfo"""
    return date.astimezone(tz.gettz('UTC')).replace(tzinfo=None) if date.tzinfo else date

Answered by: Brianna537 | Posted: 01-03-2022

Answer 10

import time

import datetime

def Local2UTC(LocalTime):

    EpochSecond = time.mktime(LocalTime.timetuple())
    utcTime = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(EpochSecond)

    return utcTime

>>> LocalTime = datetime.datetime.now()

>>> UTCTime = Local2UTC(LocalTime)

>>> LocalTime.ctime()

'Thu Feb  3 22:33:46 2011'

>>> UTCTime.ctime()

'Fri Feb  4 05:33:46 2011'

Answered by: Agata490 | Posted: 01-03-2022

Answer 11

if you prefer datetime.datetime:

dt = datetime.strptime("2008-09-17 14:04:00","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
utc_struct_time = time.gmtime(time.mktime(dt.timetuple()))
utc_dt = datetime.fromtimestamp(time.mktime(utc_struct_time))
print dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

Answered by: Alford160 | Posted: 01-03-2022

Answer 12

Simple

I did it like this:

>>> utc_delta = datetime.utcnow()-datetime.now()
>>> utc_time = datetime(2008, 9, 17, 14, 2, 0) + utc_delta
>>> print(utc_time)
2008-09-17 19:01:59.999996

Fancy Implementation

If you want to get fancy, you can turn this into a functor:

class to_utc():
    utc_delta = datetime.utcnow() - datetime.now()

    def __call__(cls, t):
        return t + cls.utc_delta

Result:

>>> utc_converter = to_utc()
>>> print(utc_converter(datetime(2008, 9, 17, 14, 2, 0)))
2008-09-17 19:01:59.999996

Answered by: Cherry907 | Posted: 01-03-2022

Answer 13

How about -

time.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ", time.gmtime(seconds))

if seconds is None then it converts the local time to UTC time else converts the passed in time to UTC.

Answered by: Lily950 | Posted: 01-03-2022

Answer 14

You can do it with:

>>> from time import strftime, gmtime, localtime
>>> strftime('%H:%M:%S', gmtime()) #UTC time
>>> strftime('%H:%M:%S', localtime()) # localtime

Answered by: Emily285 | Posted: 01-03-2022

Answer 15

Here's an example with the native zoneinfo module in Python3.9:

from datetime import datetime
from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo

# Get timezone we're trying to convert from
local_tz = ZoneInfo("America/New_York")
# UTC timezone
utc_tz = ZoneInfo("UTC")

dt = datetime.strptime("2021-09-20 17:20:00","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=local_tz)
dt_utc = dt.astimezone(utc_tz)

print(dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
print(dt_utc.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))

This may be preferred over just using dt.astimezone() in situations where the timezone you're converting from isn't reflective of your system's local timezone. Not having to rely on external libraries is nice too.

Note: This may not work on Windows systems, since zoneinfo relies on an IANA database that may not be present. The tzdata package can be installed as a workaround. It's a first-party package, but is not in the standard library.

Answered by: Maria794 | Posted: 01-03-2022

Answer 16

In python 3.9.0, after you've parsed your local time local_time into datetime.datetime object, just use local_time.astimezone(datetime.timezone.utc).

Answered by: Haris375 | Posted: 01-03-2022

Answer 17

For getting around day-light saving, etc.

None of the above answers particularly helped me. The code below works for GMT.

def get_utc_from_local(date_time, local_tz=None):
    assert date_time.__class__.__name__ == 'datetime'
    if local_tz is None:
        local_tz = pytz.timezone(settings.TIME_ZONE) # Django eg, "Europe/London"
    local_time = local_tz.normalize(local_tz.localize(date_time))
    return local_time.astimezone(pytz.utc)

import pytz
from datetime import datetime

summer_11_am = datetime(2011, 7, 1, 11)
get_utc_from_local(summer_11_am)
>>>datetime.datetime(2011, 7, 1, 10, 0, tzinfo=<UTC>)

winter_11_am = datetime(2011, 11, 11, 11)
get_utc_from_local(winter_11_am)
>>>datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 11, 11, 0, tzinfo=<UTC>)

Answered by: Catherine802 | Posted: 01-03-2022

Answer 18

Using http://crsmithdev.com/arrow/

arrowObj = arrow.Arrow.strptime('2017-02-20 10:00:00', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' , 'US/Eastern')

arrowObj.to('UTC') or arrowObj.to('local')

This library makes life easy :)

Answered by: Richard711 | Posted: 01-03-2022

Answer 19

I have this code in one of my projects:

from datetime import datetime
## datetime.timezone works in newer versions of python
try:
    from datetime import timezone
    utc_tz = timezone.utc
except:
    import pytz
    utc_tz = pytz.utc

def _to_utc_date_string(ts):
    # type (Union[date,datetime]]) -> str
    """coerce datetimes to UTC (assume localtime if nothing is given)"""
    if (isinstance(ts, datetime)):
        try:
            ## in python 3.6 and higher, ts.astimezone() will assume a
            ## naive timestamp is localtime (and so do we)
            ts = ts.astimezone(utc_tz)
        except:
            ## in python 2.7 and 3.5, ts.astimezone() will fail on
            ## naive timestamps, but we'd like to assume they are
            ## localtime
            import tzlocal
            ts = tzlocal.get_localzone().localize(ts).astimezone(utc_tz)
    return ts.strftime("%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ")

Answered by: Kimberly986 | Posted: 01-03-2022

Answer 20

I found the best answer on another question here. It only uses python built-in libraries and does not require you to input your local timezone (a requirement in my case)

import time
import calendar

local_time = time.strptime("2018-12-13T09:32:00.000", "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f")
local_seconds = time.mktime(local_time)
utc_time = time.gmtime(local_seconds)

I'm reposting the answer here since this question pops up in google instead of the linked question depending on the search keywords.

Answered by: Hailey762 | Posted: 01-03-2022

Answer 21

If you already have a datetime object my_dt you can change it to UTC with:

datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(my_dt.timestamp())

Answered by: Dainton797 | Posted: 01-03-2022

Answer 22

For anyone who is confused with the most upvoted answer. You can convert a datetime string to utc time in python by generating a datetime object and then you can use astimezone(pytz.utc) to get datetime in utc.

For eg.

let say we have local datetime string as 2021-09-02T19:02:00Z in isoformat

Now to convert this string to utc datetime. we first need to generate datetime object using this string by

dt = datetime.strptime(dt,'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')

this will give you python datetime object, then you can use astimezone(pytz.utc) to get utc datetime like

dt = datetime.strptime(dt,'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ') dt = dt.astimezone(pytz.utc)

this will give you datetime object in utc, then you can convert it to string using dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

full code eg:

from datetime import datetime
import pytz

def converLocalToUTC(datetime, getString=True, format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"):
    dt = datetime.strptime(dt,'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')
    dt = dt.astimezone(pytz.utc)
    
    if getString:
        return dt.strftime(format)
    return dt

then you can call it as

converLocalToUTC("2021-09-02T19:02:00Z")

took help from https://stackoverflow.com/a/79877/7756843

Answered by: Gianna965 | Posted: 01-03-2022

Answer 23

Briefly, to convert any datetime date to UTC time:

from datetime import datetime

def to_utc(date):
    return datetime(*date.utctimetuple()[:6])

Let's explain with an example. First, we need to create a datetime from the string:

>>> date = datetime.strptime("11 Feb 2011 17:33:54 -0800", "%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z")

Then, we can call the function:

>>> to_utc(date)
datetime.datetime(2011, 2, 12, 1, 33, 54)

Step by step how the function works:

>>> date.utctimetuple()
time.struct_time(tm_year=2011, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=1, tm_min=33, tm_sec=54, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=43, tm_isdst=0)
>>> date.utctimetuple()[:6]
(2011, 2, 12, 1, 33, 54)
>>> datetime(*date.utctimetuple()[:6])
datetime.datetime(2011, 2, 12, 1, 33, 54)

Answered by: Lenny688 | Posted: 01-03-2022

Answer 24

In python3:

pip install python-dateutil

from dateutil.parser import tz

mydt.astimezone(tz.gettz('UTC')).replace(tzinfo=None)

Answered by: Steven433 | Posted: 01-03-2022

Answer 25